How to recognize post-traumatic stress disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder or post-traumatic stress syndrome (the most commonly used acronym is PTSD) is a severe mental condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a compelling, significantly negative experience. This can be a war, physical assault, car accident, sexual abuse or other stressful event that leaves a profound emotional impact. Recognizing the signs of PTSD is essential for early intervention and treatment.

What is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

PTSD is an anxiety disorder that can occur after experiencing an event where a person feels intense fear, dread or helplessness. Although many people experience stress and fear after a variety of traumatic events, most recover gradually. For people with PTSD, however, these feelings persist and often worsen, significantly affecting their daily lives.

The main symptoms of PTSD

PTSD can have a variety of symptoms that can vary from person to person. However, certain groups of symptoms are commonly experienced:

Re-experiencing the trauma

One of the main symptoms of PTSD is so-called flashbacks, in which an individual relives a traumatic event over and over again. Nightmares or intrusive memories may also occur, causing anxiety and restlessness.

Avoidance of trauma-related stimuli

People with PTSD often try to avoid situations, people or places that remind them of the trauma. This can lead to isolation from friends and family or rejection of activities previously a regular part of their lives.

Mood changes and negative thinking

PTSD often causes long-term changes in mood and thinking. People may experience chronic irritability, sadness, guilt or shame. Some individuals with PTSD lose interest in activities they used to love and may have trouble forming close relationships. They may also experience outbursts of violence or seek out dangerous activities or self-destructive behaviour.

Excessive vigilance and anxiety

People with PTSD are often overly vigilant, easily startled, and feel constant tension or nervousness. Not only because of this, patients usually have a lower ability to concentrate and find it harder to fall asleep or keep waking up.

How do we recognize PTSD?

Some of the symptoms of PTSD may appear immediately after the trauma, while others may not occur until months or even years later. If you or someone you know has been suffering from one or more of the above symptoms for over a month, it may be time to seek professional help. It is important to remember that PTSD is not a sign of weakness but a severe mental condition that requires support and treatment.

Treatment options for PTSD

PTSD is a condition that can be effectively treated with a variety of therapies and support. Typical solutions include cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, medication (antidepressants or anxiolytics), attending support groups, and psychotherapy.

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a complex issue that affects the lives of a surprising number of people. Although its symptoms can be intense and distressing, some treatments help patients return to everyday life. However, the primary key to successfully coping with PTSD is early recognition and initiation of therapy, as well as support from loved ones. 

Remember that no problem is so big that it cannot be solved - with the help of professionals and support, a path to recovery can be found.